Belet-unir and Belet-Terraban were a pair of goddesses venerated in the Ur III period. Bau was a prominent goddess of Lagash, and some of its kings regarded her as their divine mother. Known as enki in the sumerian language, ea was the mesopotamian god of water. The oldest mention of Yahweh was long held to be the Moabite Stone (also known as the Mesha Stele) erected by King Mesha of Moab to celebrate his victory over Israel in c. 840 BCE. (Type in a word or a number e.g. Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. After watching an episode of Rick and Morty recently that was clearly taking a shot at Christianity, I was left with a question from something that was said in the show. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. As Judaism became a universal rather than merely a local religion, the more common Hebrew noun Elohim (plural in form but understood in the singular), meaning God, tended to replace Yahweh to demonstrate the universal sovereignty of Israels God over all others. Akkad - The northern part of Mesopotamia. Like Yahweh, the name was derived from the verb 'to live' or 'to be,' and meant 'The Living One' or 'I am'. [50] In this atmosphere a struggle emerged between those who believed that Yahweh alone should be worshipped, and those who worshipped him within a larger group of gods;[51] the Yahweh-alone party, the party of the prophets and Deuteronomists, ultimately triumphed, and their victory lies behind the biblical narrative of an Israel vacillating between periods of "following other gods" and periods of fidelity to Yahweh. Geshtinanna was a rural agricultural goddess sometimes associated with. Thank you! 9. In Mesopotamia", "Agriculture as Civilization: Sages, Farmers, and Barbarians", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Mesopotamian_deities&oldid=1141283478, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Cookie Notice He was brought into the pantheon by the Amorites in the third millennium BC. Uridimmu ("mad dog" or "mad lion") was an apotropaic creature in Mesopotamian mythology. Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. erua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. Enslaved haben mit Heimdal vieles richtig gemacht und ein vielseitiges wie weitsichtiges Werk abgeliefert, trotz den erwhnten . But Enki warns Atram-hasis and instructs him to build a boat that will help him survive the terrible flood. Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the. Borr The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier, and in the oldest biblical literature he possesses attributes typically ascribed to weather and war deities, fructifying the land and leading the heavenly army against Israel's . the earth trembled, the sky also dropped. [11], Yahweh is also invoked in Papyrus Amherst 63, and in Jewish or Jewish-influenced Greco-Egyptian magical texts from the 1st to 5th century CE. World History Encyclopedia. El was the chief deity of the Canaanite pantheon and the god who, according to the Bible, gave Yahweh authority over the Israelites: When the Most High [El] gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of men, he fixed the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the Sons of God. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. The word 'mesopotamia' comes from the ancient words 'meso', which means 'middle', and 'potamos', which means 'river or stream'. This in itself suggests a shift in cultural prominence from the ancient Sumerians to the later Babylonians. [12] The Masoretes, who from about the 6th to the 10th century ce worked to reproduce the original text of the Hebrew Bible, added to YHWH the vowel signs of the Hebrew words Adonai or Elohim. It was not until 1957 that a team under the archaeologist Michela Schiff Giorgini, excavated the site and found reference to a group of people described as Shasu of Yahweh at the base of one of the columns of the temple in the hypostyle hall. Your enemies shall come fawning to you, Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. In Mesopotamian texts, Dumuzi is described as the son of Enki, the god of water, and the brother of Geshtinanna, the goddess of agriculture and dream interpretation. It's based on the fusion of a Sumerian god named Yah and a Mesopotamian god named Weh." Nothing about that sentence is even remotely right. Yes, the clouds dropped water. Manzat ("Rainbow") was the Akkadian goddess of the rainbow. Stormbringer Singlebrse #117. Thus, the tetragrammaton became the artificial Latinized name Jehovah (JeHoWaH). The name YHWH, consisting of the sequence of consonants Yod, Heh, Waw, and Heh, is known as the tetragrammaton. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Hahharnum and Hayyashum were the Mesopotamian adaptation of Hurrian words for heaven and earth, In Mesopotamia, the cult of Herakles was syncretised with the cults of Nergal and the Persian deity, Humban was an Elamite god associated with the concept of kingship and divine protection (, abrtum was a goddess understood as either "she of. Shulpa-e's name means "youthful brilliance". "[14] The sacrality of the name, as well as the Commandment against "taking the name 'in vain'", led to increasingly strict prohibitions on speaking or pronouncing the term in writing. If you include nicknames, official titles and honorifics, some gods have hundreds of names! Yahweh was one of the Egyptian gods: Yah, a god represented as a cow by whom she (the gender of the cow; the male is a bull) would be impregnated by Weh to form a son (not Jesus--he is an invention of the invading Apiru from India. Unless labeled otherwise, books may be retained for four weeks. Aralu A nether-world that is expansive, but dark and gloomy. Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. 6:1-6). [22], The oldest plausible occurrence of his name is in the phrase "Shasu of Yhw" (Egyptian: yhww) in an Egyptian inscription from the time of Amenhotep III (14021363 BCE),[23][24] the Shasu being nomads from Midian and Edom in northern Arabia. According to scholar Nissim Amzallag, however, Yahweh was a god of metallurgy. Yahweh, according to Amzallag, was transformed from one god among many to the supreme deity by the Israelites in the Iron Age (c.1200-930 BCE) when iron replaced bronze and the copper smelters, whose craft was seen as a kind of transformative magic, lost their unique status. During the night he traveled through the underworld and passed judgement on the dead. The discovery of Amenhotep III's mention of the Shasu of Yahweh placed the god much earlier in history than had been accepted previously. [20] One scholarly theory is that he originated in a shortened form of el yahw abat, "El who creates the hosts",[21] but this phrase is nowhere attested either inside or outside the Bible, and the two gods are in any case quite dissimilar, with El being elderly and paternal and lacking Yahweh's association with the storm and battles. [73], Yahweh is frequently invoked in Graeco-Roman magical texts dating from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE, most notably in the Greek Magical Papyri,[74] under the names Iao, Adonai, Sabaoth, and Eloai. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. Aruru was initially a distinct minor goddess, regarded as violent and connected to vegetation; Sherida (Sumerian) or Aya (Akkadian) was the wife of the sun god Utu/Shamash and the goddess of dawn. 1. As the Israelites developed their community in Canaan, they sought to distance themselves from their neighbors and, as noted, elevated Yahweh above the traditional Canaanite supreme deity El. [41], Iron II saw the emergence of nation-states in the Southern Levant including Israel, Judah, Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Edom and Phoenicia. He creates animals and human beings, destroys all in a great flood except Noah, Noah's family, and the animals Noah saves, and elects Abram (later known as Abraham) to lead his people to the land of Canaan and settle there (Genesis 1-25). Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Ninkilim was a deity who was associated with mongooses, which are common throughout southern Mesopotamia. Once the land is conquered, Joshua divides it among his people and, in time, they establish the Kingdom of Israel. [12], The god's name was written in paleo-Hebrew as ( in block script), transliterated as YHWH; modern scholarship has reached consensus to transcribe this as Yahweh. Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder". Thus Genesis 4:16, attributed by literary critics to the so-called `Yahwistic' source, traces the worship of Yahweh back to the earliest days of the human race, while other passages trace the revelation and worship of Yahweh back to Moses [in the Book of Exodus]. However, Zeus isn't the only god in the Rick . "God said to Moses, 'I am who I am.' And he said, 'Say this to the people of Israel: "I am has sent me to you."' The Godchecker Holy Database currently contains 149 Mesopotamian deity names these are listed below. Amzallag writes: An essential link between Yahweh and copper is suggested in the Book of Zechariah where the dwelling of the God of Israel is symbolized by two mountains of copper (Zech. This word is derived from Latin and Middle French roots and means 'wedge-shaped'. Related Content We have 73 individual gods listed in the Mesopotamian pantheon of gods and spirits. [77][78][79][80] In any event, Tacitus, John the Lydian, Cornelius Labeo, and Marcus Terentius Varro similarly identify Yahweh with Bacchus-Dionysus. ", "Kinship and Kingship: The early Monarchy", "The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion", "Proposals for the Original Profile of YHWH", "Jewish Religious Life in the Persian Period", "Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? The top 4 are: babylonians, mesopotamia, uruk and assyria. After the Babylonian Exile (6th century bce), and especially from the 3rd century bce on, Jews ceased to use the name Yahweh for two reasons. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Web. World History Encyclopedia. 3538, Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 10:40, "The Role of Archaeological and Literary Remains in Reconstructing Israel's History", "A Land Divided: Judah and Israel from the Death of Solomon to the Fall of Samaria", "Into Exile: From the Assyrian Conquest of Israel to the Fall of Babylon", Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series, "El the God of Israel-Israel the People of YHWH: On the Origins of Ancient Israelite Yahwism", "Tracking Observance of the Aniconic Tradition", "Priests and Levites in the Hebrew Bible", "Yahweh's "Wife" and Belief in One God in the Old Testament", "The Divine Name Yahweh Alohim from an African Perspective", "Yahweh's Asherah, Inclusive Monotheism and the Question of Dating", "A Conversation with My Critics: Cultic Image or Aniconism in the First Temple? Antioch on the Orontes (/nti.k/; Ancient Greek: , Antikheia h ep Orntou; also Syrian Antioch)[note 1] was a Hellenistic city[1][2] side of the Orontes River. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Agade - Mesopotamian City. Dagan was the main god of the middle Euphrates area, regarded as a god of prosperity. Lane, Eugene N. Sabazius and the Jews in Valerius Maximus: A Re-Examination. The Journal of Roman Studies, vol.
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